NORMAN CATHEDRAL
The Norman cathedral in Messina is one of the most beautiful churches in Sicily. The cathedral was first built in the 12th century and has been destroyed several times, first due to a fire in 1254 and then twice because of earthquakes and the last time it was destroyed in bombings. Despite its share of tragedies the cathedral has been restored to its original beauty in the past years.

Cathedral Interior Largest organ in Italy The Cathedral (Duomo_di_Messina)
The
church was originally built in Norman times, but in 1197, it was dedicated
to the Virgin Mary. Nothing of the Norman construction remains today except
the general layout and the overall exterior appearance after the 1908
earthquake, and a 1943 Allied firebomb that didn't help. The statue of
Madonna and Child, in the lunette of the doorway, is from 1534, and is the
work of Giovambattista Mazzeo.

The
16th century saw radical intervention also inside the building: Montorsoli
designed a marble inlay floor and the arrangement, along the walls of the
side naves, representing the Apostolate.
The
altar, designed by Simone Gulli, was begun in 1628 and finished at the end
of the 18th century.
In
1930, the Cathedral became home to what is the largest organ in Italy and
the third largest in Europe: 5 keyboards, 170 stops, 16000 pipes arranged in
both sides of the transept, behind the altar, above the main portal and
above the triumphal arch.
Piazza del Duomo

Fontana di Orione
Standing in the center of the cathedral square is this elegant fountain made from pale marble. It was the pre-baroque creation of Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli in 1547. It honors Orione, the city's mythical founder, who is seen surmounting a bevy of giants, nymphs and crocodiles. The fountain was built to honor the construction of the city's first aqueduct. The major figures represent the rivers, Nile, Ebro, Camaro, and Tiber.
The Astronomical Clock

Orologio astronomico – The astronomical clock is the most interesting component of the 60m (197 feet) high bell-tower to the left of the cathedral. The mechanism dating from 1933 was built in Strasbourg.
It's comprised of several layers, each bearing a different display with a separate movement. At the bottom, a two-horse chariot driven by a god indicates the day of the week; above, the central figure of Death waves his scythe threateningly at the child, youth, soldier or old man – the four ages of man – that pass before him. At the third stage, the Sanctuary of Montalto (turn left to compare it with the real one) sets the scene for a group of figures which, according to the time of year, represent the Nativity, Epiphany, Resurrection and Pentecost. At the top, the tableau enacts a scene relating to a local legend whereby the Madonna delivers a letter to the ambassadors of Messina in which she thanks and agrees to protect the inhabitants of the town who were converted to Christianity by St. Paul the Apostle: the same Madonna della Lettera (Madonna of the Letter) is the patron saint of Messina.
When the clock strikes midday, all the mechanical figures come to life in time to music. The Ave Maria begins playing from a loudspeaker and the bronze mechanical figures start to move; a lion roars, a bird flaps its wings, and two historical heroines take turns ringing the bell, and just before it ends, a statue of Jesus appearing from a tomb appears.
ANNUNZIATA DEI CATALANI

The church of the
"Annunziata dei Catalani" stands on one of the most historically important
sites of the Straits. The church was built between 1150 and 1200 on the
remains of a pagan temple dedicated to Neptune. When the Messinese saw their
beloved church on this square after the 1908 earthquake, they called it a
miracle. In an amazing feat, the earthquake stripped away much of the
latter-day alterations and additions to the church leaving its original
12th- and 13th- century architectural style intact. But because the quake
leveled the earth on which the church sits, the structure seems to be
sinking into the street today.
The church, restored
over the centuries, lies at a lower level of today's street level.
The great difference in height between the ground level of the church
and that of the surrounding streets and buildings is due to the piles of
rubble caused by the earthquake of 1908, which were later leveled for
reconstruction.
The RUINS of SANTA MARIA
ALEMANNA
The Santa Maria Alemanna Church (Saint Mary of the Germans) dates from the mid-thirteenth century and was founded, along with an adjacent hospital, by the Teutonic Knights, hence the name "Alemanna" which it is still known by.
It stands in isolation a few blocks from the train station in a part of the city that visitors hardly ever see on an obscure street between Viale San Martino and Via Garibaldi and surrounded by unsightly buildings. The Church of Santa Maria Alemanna also stands below ground level and is rarely open to the public, though much of its open interior is visible from the outside. Because of its unappealing location and incomplete condition, it is virtually ignored by travel guides and tourists, but a brief visit to the Church of Santa Maria could give your visit to Messina a taste of what the city was like when its ancient stone streets echoed with the footsteps of presumptuous kings and overzealous knights. The knights had their priorities, and here they received and tended to veterans from the Holy Land. Only a small trace of the old hospital remains in the form of a lancer arch and a fragment of a wall near the apses. The church was abandoned by the knights at the end of the 14th century. It was struck by lightening at the beginning of the 17th century and further damaged by the 1783 earthquake which caused the facade to collapse.
Today it is under restoration after having been dismantled stone by stone to allow consolidation. A beautiful doorway of this church which is to be built by German craftsmen, is the purest example of Gothic architecture in Sicily
SANTA MARIA DELLA VALLE, (the "BADIAZZA")

The ruins of the antique church and convent
of Santa Maria della Valle, commonly known as "Badiazza," forms one the
most antique and interesting monuments of the Medieval Messina.
It is situated near the
bottom of the San Rizzo stream and is reached by a rough road through the
Peloritani mountains and the village Scala. It belonged to a Benedictine monastery founded in the
12th century. After a devastation fire in 1282, it was restored.